bloomberg has an interesting article discussing two types of new cities in China.
According to a popular ode to Deng Xiaoping, in 1979, Deng drew a circle on a map around China's southern coast and founded Shenzhen as an experiment in capitalism.
Almost 40 years later, Xi Jinping has made clear his ambition to build an era-defining city, this time on the outskirts of Beijing. Xion'an was touted as a glittering, high-tech metropolis, a „model city in the history of human development“ that would serve as a relief valve to China's crowded capital.
So far, the Shenzhen experiment has been much more successful. Over the past four decades, Shenzhen has gone from a mostly rural area with a few factories producing cheap, labor-intensive export goods to a bustling city of 17.5 million people considered China's Silicon Valley . In contrast, Yuyasu was a late starter.
When Bloomberg visited on a weekday this month, the highways leading into the city were mostly empty. In the city center, few shops or restaurants were open on streets lined with brand-new government headquarters, office buildings, housing developments, and hotels.
Another key difference is that Shenzhen has no land rights across its border with Hong Kong, as companies rushed to take advantage of „special economic zones“ that allow private enterprise, which is still restricted in other parts of mainland China. It grew organically. Xiong'an is also in a great location (right next to Beijing) but is a centrally planned project.
Unlike Deng Xiaoping's laissez-faire approach that guided Shenzhen's chaotic but enormous growth, Mr. Xi has opted for careful planning to help Shenzhen avoid the problems that plague other regions.
The city is selective about the industries it welcomes, encouraging companies working in information technology, biomedicine and new energy fields, and excluding so-called traditional industries. This is different from Shenzhen's freewheeling approach, which has attracted millions of migrant workers and entrepreneurs.
A museum dedicated to urban development promotes how cities have been centrally planned.
jane jacobs I wouldn't have been a fan of Shiongan.
Kobel Meiskens, an academic who has written about Chinese government planning, says the appeal of big cities often lies in their organic street life. „Planned smart cities are supposed to be the place of the future,“ he added, but without these human trappings „no one would want to live there.“
Korean Matsushima I have a similar problem:
authorities Korean We decided to build a wonderful futuristic city on the shores of the Yellow Sea. The country's government has signed cooperation agreements with major investors and construction companies to launch the mega seaside city project. Matsushima. He spent more than $40 billion building the world's first „smart“ city, but now Songdo looks more like an abandoned settlement than a bustling metropolis.
The future Matsushima was supposed to be the first „smart“ city on Earth and was planned to be created from scratch.
Some „ghost cities“ in China are Eventually it will be full New residents were added as hundreds of millions of people migrated from the countryside to the cities. Nevertheless, there are reasons to be concerned about China's overinvestment in real estate. Across East Asia, birth rates have fallen to very low levels. Additionally, young people in the region increasingly prefer living in the largest and most sophisticated cities than those in the United States or Europe. If the Chinese government moves enough government offices from nearby Beijing to Xion'an, it may eventually be able to concentrate its population in Xion'an, but many of China's second- and third-tier cities faces the prospect of massive overbuilding.
PS. Hundreds of years ago, there was a constant flow of people from rural areas to urban areas to repopulate cities that had been destroyed by epidemics. In the coming decades, we will continue to see an influx of people from rural areas, where birth rates are high, and into devastated cities. Super low birthrate:
Among all major cities in South Korea, Seoul has the lowest birth rate at 0.59.